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Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cell and the immune system's frontline responders to bacterial and fungal infections — they engulf and destroy pathogens within minutes of arrival at an infection site. A high neutrophil count (neutrophilia) typically indicates an active bacterial infection, physical stress, steroid use, or inflammation; a low count (neutropenia) — most often caused by chemotherapy, viral illness, or autoimmune disease — impairs the ability to fight infection. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is an emerging marker of systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk.
Also known as: Absolute Neutrophil Count, ANC, Granulocytes, NEUT, Neutr, Neutrophil, Neutrophil (PMN), Neutrophil (Seg)
High neutrophils signal acute bacterial infection, tissue injury, or corticosteroid use. Low neutrophils increase infection vulnerability from viral suppression, autoimmune destruction, or chemotherapy.
Standard range is 1.8-7.7 K/uL. Optimal is 2.0-5.0 K/uL. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio below 2.0 is a superior inflammation marker.