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ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) measures how quickly red blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube over one hour — when inflammation increases blood proteins like fibrinogen, cells clump together and sink faster. It is a non-specific marker of systemic inflammation useful for detecting and monitoring autoimmune diseases, infections, and certain cancers, but it doesn't identify where the inflammation is coming from. ESR is typically interpreted alongside CRP and a full blood count to build a more complete clinical picture.
Also known as: BSG, Eritrosit sedimantasyon hızı, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, ESR, Sed Rat, Sed Rate, Sedimentation Rate, Velocidad de sedimentación
Elevated ESR reflects increased plasma proteins causing red blood cells to aggregate faster. It rises in infections, autoimmune conditions, and malignancies. Low ESR can occur in polycythemia or sickle cell disease.
Standard upper limits are roughly age/2 for men. Optimal ESR is below 10 mm/hr. ESR responds more slowly than CRP, better for monitoring chronic disease.