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SHBG is a carrier protein produced by the liver that binds to testosterone and estradiol, controlling how much of each hormone is free and biologically active. High SHBG — common with aging, hyperthyroidism, and liver disease — can produce symptoms of low testosterone even when total testosterone appears normal. Low SHBG — associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hypothyroidism — means more free hormone is available, which in women can contribute to androgen excess and PCOS symptoms.
Also known as: Androgen binding protein, Estradiol binding globulin, SBP, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Sex steroid binding globulin, Sex steroid binding protein, SHBG
High SHBG reduces bioavailable testosterone, caused by hyperthyroidism, liver disease, or oral estrogen. Low SHBG is strongly associated with insulin resistance, PCOS, and type 2 diabetes.
Functional optimal is 30-50 nmol/L for men and 40-80 nmol/L for premenopausal women. SHBG inversely correlates with insulin levels.