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Estradiol (E2) is the most potent form of estrogen and the dominant female sex hormone, though men require adequate estradiol too for bone density, cardiovascular protection, sexual function, and brain health. In women, estradiol fluctuates throughout the menstrual cycle and declines dramatically at menopause — driving symptoms like hot flashes, insomnia, and accelerated bone loss. In men, both very low and very high estradiol cause symptoms, with excess estradiol typically linked to high body fat or aromatase overactivity.
Also known as: 17-beta estradiol, 17β-Estradiol, E2, Estradiol, Estradiol (E2), Estradiol, Serum, Oestradiol, Östradiol
High estradiol in men indicates excess aromatase conversion linked to visceral obesity. In women, it can cause heavy periods and estrogen-dominant conditions. Low estradiol causes hot flashes, bone loss, and cognitive changes.
For men, functional target is 20-35 pg/mL. For premenopausal women, follicular phase optimal is 30-100 pg/mL, ovulatory peak 150-400 pg/mL.