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Specific gravity measures how concentrated the urine is by comparing its density to pure water, providing a practical and immediate gauge of hydration status. Values between 1.001 and 1.030 are normal — closer to 1.001 indicates very dilute, well-hydrated urine; closer to 1.030 indicates concentrated, dehydrated urine. Persistently fixed specific gravity (always around 1.010 regardless of hydration) is a sign of impaired kidney concentrating ability, an early feature of chronic kidney disease.
Also known as: Sp Gr
High specific gravity indicates concentrated urine from dehydration or glycosuria. Low specific gravity indicates dilute urine from excessive fluid intake or diabetes insipidus. Fixed at 1.010 suggests CKD.
Standard range is 1.005-1.030. Optimal first-morning specimen is 1.015-1.025.